Cancer treatment is demanding on the body and while we know that physical activity and good food play an important role, what are the dos and don’ts when it comes to diet and nutrition? We asked Valion Health’s Specialised Oncology Dietitian, Sarah Jukes to tell us more.

What food groups and nutrients are important during cancer treatment?

It’s recommended that you eat a balanced diet, including food from all food groups to make sure you’re getting a variety of nutrients. During treatment your body has a higher need for protein, so it’s important that you include this at every meal, including breakfast. Eating a variety of brightly coloured fruit and veggies with each meal, will make sure you’re getting a range of vitamins and minerals in a natural way, to support your body during treatment. Nutrients will always be better absorbed and utilised by your body from food sources compared to supplements.

Do the healthy eating guidelines apply during cancer treatment?

The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating gives people an idea of the proportions of food they should eat from each group to achieve a balanced diet. Whether this changes during treatment, really depends on your individual needs. If you’re maintaining weight and keeping fairly well, then continue with a balanced diet. If you’re losing weight, then you may need to increase your energy and protein intake to help maintain or build muscle. If any major changes are needed to your diet during treatment (e.g. if you can’t eat certain food because you react to it) then it’s important to chat to your doctor and dietitian, to make sure you’re getting the nutrients you need.

Should any food be restricted during cancer treatment?

There is no food you need to avoid during treatment (unless you have an intolerance to certain foods). Occasionally you may need to cut out a specific food due to an interaction with drugs, but your doctor or pharmacist should let you know.

Is treatment a good time to lose weight?

No, this is definitely not the time to try to lose weight intentionally. The goal for everyone is to at least maintain weight during treatment. If you’re underweight, then aim to gain weight. If you notice you’re losing weight then see a dietitian sooner rather than later because the more weight you lose, the less strength and energy you’ll have to do the things you enjoy and cope with treatment and any side effects.

Does sugar ‘feed’ cancer?

The evidence behind this claim is limited because the studies on it haven’t been tested on humans. Sugar is a type of carbohydrate, and all carbohydrates are broken down to be used by the body’s cells for fuel, including cancer cells. In the absence of sugar, those cells will use protein and fat for fuel instead. So the cancer cells won’t be starved if you avoid carbohydrates, but you will lose your protein (muscle) and fat stores.

It’s important to remember that carbohydrates are an important part of our diet not only for energy but micronutrients too. Some carbohydrate sources of sugar are more ‘complex’ (such as wholegrain pasta or bread, brown rice, beans, legumes, and starchy vegetables) which means the energy they give your body lasts for longer. They’re also important sources of fibre, which is essential for good gut health and function.

Can juice diets or cleanses help fight cancer?

No, there is no scientific evidence that they will help to fight cancer. Having juices as part of a balanced diet is fine but consuming only juices as a ‘cleanse’ will result in inadequate nutrition and weight loss. Besides, removing toxins from your body is the job of your liver and kidneys anyway!

Are there particular food groups or nutrients that make treatment side effects worse?

All food is safe in moderation, but you should avoid high doses of vitamin/mineral supplements (particularly antioxidants) during chemotherapy as they can reduce its effectiveness. If you’re taking any supplements, it’s always best to clear them with your oncologist first.

What vitamins, minerals, and/or supplements should I take during cancer treatment?

Supplements should only be used if you’re deficient in a certain micronutrient and then your doctor can recommend an appropriate supplement. There may be times when energy and protein supplements are required, for example if you are having trouble eating enough to maintain your weight and muscles. These would be prescribed by your dietitian or doctor.

Will my taste change during cancer treatment?

Yes, it’s possible. If there are certain foods that taste better than others then try to have more of those. If the taste changes are affecting how much you eat and causing you to lose weight, then it’s important to see a dietitian.

What about loss of appetite or nausea and vomiting?

Even if you don’t have an appetite, it is important to try to eat. Try to make your food as nutritious and appealing as possible. Eating small meals or snacks frequently may help and sometimes nourishing drinks can be easier to tolerate than solid food. If you’re nauseous and/or vomiting, then speak to your doctor about anti-sickness medication. Once the nausea is settled you should be able to eat more.

If it’s your child that’s being treated, try to choose foods that they enjoy and make it interesting for them. For example, if they can’t eat a meal then they may like a nutritional supplement mixed with ice cream to enjoy as a milkshake. Sometimes it’s a matter of presenting just a small amount of a variety of foods on their plate (including fruit, veggies, protein, fat sources and other carbohydrate sources) and giving them the choice about what and how much they eat. A dietitian can help you with some personalised ideas based on what your child likes.

Can you eat and digest after a major operation?

Every surgery is different and so is every person’s recovery, but an experienced dietitian can help guide you through your journey. It’s usually best to start with lighter foods and drinks in small amounts more frequently during the day. Some people may require nutritional supplement drinks to help them get adequate nutrients while they’re building up their food intake.

Do you need a feeding tube during cancer treatment?

No not everyone needs a feeding tube because it depends on the type of cancer and treatment you’re having and whether you’re able to eat and drink enough. Your doctor will be able to discuss this with you.

Is there an ideal routine for eating and mealtimes during treatment?

The best routine is one that works for you! Some people do better with six smaller meals and others prefer to have only three meals a day. Try to make everything you eat as nutritious (and enjoyable!) as possible.

Where to go for more information

Ask your oncologist or GP for a referral to a dietitian. Some oncologists may have a specialist dietitian working with them. You can also access dietetic services via telehealth.

Don’t forget to check your Extras cover for benefits towards support from a dietitian.

The Cancer Support program supports eligible Teachers Health members who are having or have recently completed cancer treatment, and those living with advanced cancer to help manage symptoms and optimise quality of life. This includes oncology nursing, exercise physiology, dietitian consultations and psychology. Find out more, including eligibility criteria.

Healthcare Services’ Dietitian Support Program supports eligible Teachers Health members through telephone support from an Accredited Practising Dietitian. This includes working with you to create a personalised nutrition plan to help you manage your condition and symptoms and support you as you make changes to enhance your health and wellbeing. Find out more, including eligibility criteria.

Source:
Rare Cancers Australia - News - What do you eat during cancer treatment?

Valion Health supports eligible Teachers Health members through the Cancer Support Program.